Schlagworte
Verschwörungsmythen
Deradikalisierung
Wissen
Intervention
Disinformation
Zitationsvorschlag
Lizenz
Copyright (c) 2025 Jana Schneider, Josephine B. Schmitt
Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International.
Abstract
Während der Hochphase der Pandemie verbreiteten zahlreiche Menschen in den sozialen Medien Verschwörungserzählungen über das COVID-19-Virus. Viele dieser Erzählungen beruhen auf Desinformationen – oftmals geprägt von rechtsextremen Vorstellungen – die die Demokratie gefährden. Bisherige Studien zeigen, dass Verschwörungsglauben die Absichten für eine normative politische Partizipation schwächen, aber die Bereitschaft zu einer nicht-normativen und gewalttätigen Partizipation erhöhen. Dies stellt die demokratische Gesellschaft vor grosse Herausforderungen. Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich daher der Frage, welche Interventionen möglichen schädlichen Einflüssen von Verschwörungsmythen auf die Demokratie entgegenwirken können. Basierend auf bestehender Literatur zu Mis- und Desinformationen, Verhaltensänderungen und politischer Partizipation werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit zwei Faktoren vorgeschlagen: (1) Politische Selbstwirksamkeit und (2) Wissen über Mechanismen von Verschwörungsmythen. Diese wurden in einer Online-Intervention während des ersten Lockdowns in Deutschland im Mai 2020 getestet. Hypothesen und Analyseplan wurden präregistriert. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass Personen, die über Kenntnisse über Mechanismen und Inhalte von Verschwörungserzählungen verfügen, weniger nicht-normative politische Beteiligung zeigen, sofern für bestimmte Variablen kontrolliert wird. Limitationen und die daraus resultierenden Implikationen für die medienpädagogische Praxis werden diskutiert.
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